Artificial Intelligence
What is artificial intelligence? What kinds of intelligence are included in this term? What are their types? What are the objectives of developing artificial intelligence? What are its applications and areas of usage? All these questions are answered in this article.
Artificial Intelligence
Types of Artificial Intelligence
Objectives of Artificial Intelligence
Essential Features of Artificial Intelligence
Technologies Involved to Develop Artificial Intelligence
Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Conclusion
Artificial Intelligence
As the term “Artificial Intelligence” itself suggests that an intelligence, which is manmade. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) is human like intelligence created artificially and incorporated in to machines. It is built by algorithm in functions. John McCarthy was the first person who talked about artificial intelligence in Dartmouth conference in 1956. He is known as the father of artificial intelligence. Though AI started in 1950s but became popular in 1970s. One can see AI around us in cars, smart phones, social media, banking, video games etc.
What kind of intelligence it includes? It must perform as expected irrespective of variation in dimensions of field, lighting and landscape. Artificial intelligence includes following intelligent abilities:
Generalized Learning
It means an artificially intelligent machine can respond or act in a particular way in a specific situation to complete a given task. This ability has a drawback that machine is unable to act in a different situation.
Reasoning Ability
It refers to an ability to decide or choose how to act in different situations. Thus, it enables an artificially intelligent gadget or machine to respond reasonably.
Problem Solving Ability
It refers to find out solutions of the problems based on given input.
Thus, overall artificial intelligence stands for ability to adapt circumstantially, act reasonably and provide solutions.
Types of Artificial Intelligence
Based on the extent of intelligence, AI can be classified in to two types:
- Weak Artificial Intelligence: This type of AI is also called narrow artificial intelligence. It refers to act solely on a specific task. Such machines cannot act on multiple tasks.
- Strong Artificial Intelligence: This term was used first time by a mathematician, Alan Turing in 1950. The response of strong AI is unpredictable. For example, robots in fiction eventually develop emotions.
Objectives of Artificial Intelligence
The objectives of artificial intelligence (AI) are:
- To develop expert systems which can explain, learn, demonstrate and advise their users
- To insert intelligence of humans in to machines, which can think, act and behave like humans
- To increase the speed of execution of machines by equipping them with artificial intelligence
Essential Features of Artificial Intelligence
- AI (Artificial Intelligence) should keep the knowledge in well organized manner so that we can use it very efficiently.
- It should be readable and understandable.
- It should be modifiable to eliminate errors.
- It should be usable at variety of places.
Technologies Involved to Develop Artificial Intelligence
Automation
Using programming, system and process function gets automatized. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) enables the system to perform high volume of repeatable tasks.
Machine Learning
Just like a child is taught by its family to learn variety of things like walking, speaking etc., in the same way, a machine is taught to learn variety of activities. Machine learning is a technique to develop artificial intelligence in which programming is not required. There are three types of algorithms in machine learning.
(A) Supervised Learning: Data sets are called patterns and are used to label new data sets.
(B) Unsupervised Learning: Data sets are not labeled but sorted on the basis of differences and similarities.
(C) Reinforcement Learning: Data sets are not labeled and feedback is given to AI system after some actions.
Machine Vision
It is the technology which incorporates visualizing ability in a machine. Artificially intelligent machine with vision is equipped with camera to capture visual information. The visual information is then analyzed. Machine possesses the ability to convert analogue signals to digital signals. Machine vision is usually compared with human eyes but has no limitation. It can see across walls also and high potential for use in medical diagnosis.
Natural Language Processing
Computer program is used to understand human language using machine. For example, a computer program can identify a spam and an original email. Text translation, speech recognition and sentiment analysis are other examples.
Pattern Recognition
Machine identifies learning data in patterns which is later used in analysis.
Robotics
This technology is used in design and manufacture of robots. It enables machines to do difficult tasks with efficiency. For example, assembly line of car production.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Health Care
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can prove highly applicable in developing health care systems in near future. It can possibly be used in nanotechnology to develop nanobots which would be able to do complicated surgeries. Such developments may reduce human intervention in a surgery to minimum extent resulting in least probability of any human error. Similarly, by using an application on smart phone, one can keep an eye on his or her daily steps for maintaining body weight.
Business
The ability of AI to analyze and process data is helping businessmen to expand and grow their business as per the requirements of market. By developing and using virtual personal assistant, many big businesses provide information to users, send them messages, set alarms for them, make appointment schedules and provide customer services also.
Education
Automatic grading of exams by artificial intelligence (AI) can save time of teachers. The saved time can be utilized for mentoring students.
Finance
Time and money saved by AI is beneficial for financial institutions.
Law
Using AI, legal documents can be processed at an unprecedented pace resulting in saving human labour and time.
Manufacturing
Faster production of goods is an important way to harness economy of scale. Such faster speed of production can be achieved by artificial intelligence.
Mining
Mining of precious resources from the earth is a difficult task. Minerals are extracted from mines at the cost of precious lives of human beings because reaching to difficult sites in mines and direct exposure to mineral resources can be hazardous. Such difficult tasks if assigned to intelligent machines will be a great relief.
Sports
Using machine vision, artificially intelligent machines can capture many images simultaneously from different angles in a short time scale and analyze them. Such descriptive analysis of sports is helpful in building playing strategy.
Space Exploration
Robots can explore deep space without the need to send humans in space. This would definitely be a smart exploration without taking any risk for astronauts.
Home Automation
The electronic gadgets used at home can be connected to internet and can become smart enough to act as per human needs or human commands. For example, turning on AC located at your home from a distant place using your smart phone.
Similarly, artificial intelligence is also helpful in variety of areas like defense, cyber security, entertainment, video games, transportation etc.
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence is taking entire human race to a new direction. We are more or less getting dependent on our smart gadgets. On one side it is opening new avenues of opportunities; on the other hand, it is making us lazier. This is not the technology which created humans but these are humans who crated technologies. Since we humans are the masters of technology, we have to keep them under control rather than becoming their slaves. We need to decide ourselves how much we can allow machines to intervene in our lives. If we use technology for the betterment then it is a boon for us.
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